Weltin, MeikeMeikeWeltinHüttel, SilkeSilkeHüttel2022-12-012022-12-012022https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/118309Abstract Sustainable Intensification (SI) practices offer adopters exploiting improvement potentials in environmental performance of farming, i.e. enhance ecosystem functionality, while maintaining productivity. This paper proposes a directional meta-frontier approach for measuring farms’ eco-efficiency and respective improvement potentials in the direction of farms’ ecological output for SI evaluation. We account for farms’ selection processes into SI using a behavioural model and rely on a matched sample for adopters and non-adopters of agronomic SI practices from the northern German Plain. We conclude that the SI adopters determined the sample’s system frontier and showed higher mean eco-efficiency, but that most farms in our sample did not fully exploit the improvement potentials in biodiversity as ecological outcome.enhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0journal_article10.1007/s10640-022-00718-6718