Schön, Michael P.Michael P.SchönBerking, CarolaCarolaBerkingBiedermann, TiloTiloBiedermannBuhl, TimoTimoBuhlErpenbeck, LuiseLuiseErpenbeckEyerich, KilianKilianEyerichEyerich, StefanieStefanieEyerichGhoreschi, KamranKamranGhoreschiGoebeler, MatthiasMatthiasGoebelerLudwig, Ralf J.Ralf J.LudwigSchäkel, KnutKnutSchäkelSchilling, BastianBastianSchillingSchlapbach, ChristophChristophSchlapbachStary, GeorgGeorgStaryStebut, EstherEstherStebutSteinbrink, KerstinKerstinSteinbrink2021-04-142021-04-142020https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/81179Summary The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 has far‐reaching direct and indirect medical consequences. These include both the course and treatment of diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that infections with SARS‐CoV‐2 can cause considerable immunological alterations, which particularly also affect pathogenetically and/or therapeutically relevant factors. Against this background we summarize here the current state of knowledge on the interaction of SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 with mediators of the acute phase of inflammation (TNF, IL‐1, IL‐6), type 1 and type 17 immune responses (IL‐12, IL‐23, IL‐17, IL‐36), type 2 immune reactions (IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐5, IL‐31, IgE), B‐cell immunity, checkpoint regulators (PD‐1, PD‐L1, CTLA4), and orally druggable signaling pathways (JAK, PDE4, calcineurin). In addition, we discuss in this context non‐specific immune modulation by glucocorticosteroids, methotrexate, antimalarial drugs, azathioprine, dapsone, mycophenolate mofetil and fumaric acid esters, as well as neutrophil granulocyte‐mediated innate immune mechanisms. From these recent findings we derive possible implications for the therapeutic modulation of said immunological mechanisms in connection with SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19. Although, of course, the greatest care should be taken with patients with immunologically mediated diseases or immunomodulating therapies, it appears that many treatments can also be carried out during the COVID‐19 pandemic; some even appear to alleviate COVID‐19.enThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.journal_article10.1111/ddg.14169