Elsner, BeatrixBeatrixElsnerde Cavarlay, Bruno AubussonBruno Aubussonde CavarlaySmit, PaulPaulSmit2018-11-072018-11-072008https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/53419This article gives a brief overview of the division of roles during the investigative stage between Court, Public Prosecution Service (PPS) and Police. It explains the role either an Examining Magistrate or an Investigative Judge plays in Croatia, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain, presenting his/her functions and involvement in criminal investigation and especially focussing on which actions require his/her approval.The Examining Magistrate's Function and Involvement in Investigative Mattersjournal_article10.1007/s10610-008-9063-x000207795400011