Cacao (Theobroma cacao L. ) agroforestry in Colombia: current practices and challenges ahead

Abstract

The cacao tree (𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘰𝘣𝘳𝘰𝘮𝘢 𝘤𝘢𝘤𝘢𝘰 L.) is one of the most important tropical crops. As an agroforestry system, it provides long-term land use that supports local economies and provides valuable seeds for the global chocolate industry. As a driver of rural development, cacao is planted as an alternative to illicit coca crops in Colombia. In addition, it is expected that cacao agroforestry will increase its production area during the implementation of the Havana Peace Accords. Given the low yields (0.6 t/ha), high susceptibility to diseases, and the fact that cacao production systems are mainly managed by smallholders (3 ha). Improved agronomic management and better cacao varieties adapted to agroforestry production are needed to fully exploit the high potential of cacao land use as a driver of rural development in Colombia. This presentation addresses practices and research needs to improve cacao production. Such as breeding, propagation techniques, agroforestry management, enhancement of natural pollination and post-harvest practices as key elements for sustainable cocoa production. In addition, the presentation will show how other cacao producing countries (examples from Latin America and Africa) have developed technical solutions in these critical areas to improve cocoa sustainability.