Contingency and modernity in the thought of J.P. Arnason

Abstract

This article argues that Arnason's writings succeed in pushing civilizational analysis - most prominently developed by the late Shmuel N. Eisenstadt - in a much-needed direction. Coming from an action-theoretical background in which the creativity of actors is strongly emphasized, Arnason is critical of approaches within civilizational analysis that tend to downplay contingency within historical processes. Especially by focusing on the role of political power and imperial encounters, Arnason demonstrates how civilizational analysis can be further developed in ways that do not automatically assume the linearity and long-term persistence of civilizational paths.