Updated recommendations on ultrasonography in urogynecology

Abstract

Ultrasound is an indispensable diagnostic procedure in urogynecology; perineal, introital and endoanal ultrasound are the most recommended techniques. The position and mobility of the bladder neck can be assessed. In patients undergoing diagnostic workup for urge symptoms, ultrasound occasionally demonstrates urethral diverticula, leiomyomas, and cysts in the vaginal wall. These findings lead to further diagnostic assessment. The same applies to the demonstration of bladder diverticula, foreign bodies in the bladder, and bullous edema. With endoanal ultrasound different parts of the sphincter can be evaluated. Recommendations for the standardized use of urogenital ultrasound are given.