Recovery of peroxides in saliva during home bleaching - influence of smoking

Abstract

The study aimed at determining hydrogen peroxide recovery in saliva during use of different home bleaching products by smokers and non-smokers. Peroxide recovery was evaluated with respect to the safe level reported in the literature. Determination of peroxide levels in saliva was performed with peroxidase, phenol and 4-aminoantipyrin in a photometric method. Four different bleaching regimens were used by 10 smokers and 10 non-smokers: Whitestrips, Vivastyle (tray-based) and two paint-on products (Crest Night Effects, Colgate Simply White). Whole saliva was collected and total amount of peroxide (mg) released during the 60 min bleaching period was determined: Colgate Simply White: 2.67 +/- 0.88 (non-smokers); 2.66 +/- 1.17 (smokers); Crest Night Effects: 0.23 +/- 0.13 (non-smokers); 0.25 +/- 0.16 (smokers); Vivastyle: 2.47 +/- 0.82 (non-smokers), 2.44 +/- 1.31 (smokers); Whitestrips: 1.39 +/- 0.62 (non-smokers), 2.02 +/- 1.86 (smokers). In terms of amount of peroxide kg(-1) body weight the bleaching systems led to a single exposure of 0.004-0.046 mg kg(-1), which is distinctly less than safe daily dose of 0.26 mg kg(-1) day(-1), if calculated for a small person (58 kg). The criterion smoker versus non-smokers had no influence on peroxide levels in the oral cavity. Conclusion: Smoking did not appear to impact the anti-oxidant defence capacity of the oral cavity with respect to degrading peroxides released from bleaching products. Significantly lower amounts of peroxides were detected in saliva during application of the paint-on product Crest Nights Effects compared with the other bleaching systems.