Browsing by Author "Barry, E."

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    ADHD And DAT1: Further Evidence of Paternal Over-Transmission of Risk Alleles and Haplotype
    (2010)
    Hawi, Z.
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    Kent, L.
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    Hill, M.
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    Anney, Richard J. L.
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    Brookes, Keeley-Joanne
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    Barry, E.
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    Franke, Barbara
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    Banaschewski, Tobias  
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    Buitelaar, J. K.
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    Ebstein, R.
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    Miranda, Ana
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    Oades, Robert D.
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    Roeyers, Herbert
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    Rothenberger, A.  
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    Sergeant, Joseph A.
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    Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.
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    Steinhausen, H.-C.
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    Faraone, Steven V.
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    Asherson, Philip
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    Gil, Miguel Alvarino
    We [Hawi et al. (2005); Am J Hum Genet 77:958-965] reported paternal over-transmission of risk alleles in some ADHD-associated genes. This was particularly clear in the case of the DAT1 3'-UTR VNTR. In the current investigation, we analyzed three new sample comprising of 1,248 ADHD nuclear families to examine the allelic over-transmission of DAT1 in ADHD. The IMAGE sample, the largest of the three-replication samples, provides strong support for a parent of origin effect for allele 6 and the 10 repeat allele (intron 8 and 3'-UTR VNTR, respectively) of DAT1. In addition, a similar pattern of over-transmission of paternal risk haplotypes (constructed from the above alleles) was also observed. Some support is also derived from the two smaller samples although neither is independently significant. Although the mechanism driving the paternal over-transmission of the DAT risk alleles is not known, these finding provide further support for this phenomenon. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    Replication of a Rare Protective Allele in the Noradrenaline Transporter Gene and ADHD
    (Wiley-blackwell, 2008)
    Xu, X.
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    Hawi, Ziarah
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    Brookes, Keeley-Joanne
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    Anney, Richard J. L.
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    Bellgrove, M.
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    Franke, Barbara
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    Barry, E.
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    Chen, W.
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    Kuntsi, Jonna
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    Banaschewski, Tobias  
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    Buitelaar, J. K.
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    Ebstein, R.
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    Fitzgerald, Michael
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    Miranda, Ana
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    Oades, Robert D.
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    Roeyers, Herbert
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    Rothenberger, A.  
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    Sergeant, Joseph A.
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    Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.
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    Steinhausen, H.-C.
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    Faraone, Steven V.
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    Gil, Miguel Alvarino
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    Asherson, Philip
    Replication is a key to resolving whether a reported genetic association represents a false positive finding or an actual genetic risk factor. In a previous study screening 51 candidate genes for association with ADHD in a multi-centre European sample (the IMAGE project), two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2) gene were found to be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The same SNP alleles were also reported to be associated with ADHD in a separate study from the Massachusetts General Hospital in the US. Using two independent samples of ADHD DSM-IV combined subtype trios we attempted to replicate the reported associations with SNPs rs11568324 and rs3785143 in SLC6A2. Significant association of the two markers was not observed in the two independent replication samples. However, across all four datasets the overall evidence of association with ADHD was significant (for SNP rs11568324 P=0.0001; average odds ratio=0.33; for SNP rs3785143 P = 0.008; average odds ratio = 1.3). The data were consistent for rs11568324, suggesting the existence of a rare allele conferring protection for ADHD within the SLC6A2 gene. Further investigations should focus on identifying the mechanisms underlying the protective effect. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.